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Wiring

LED (actuator)

• Arduino D9 → LED anode
• LED cathode → 220–330 Ω → GND

LDR voltage divider (sensor)

• 5V → LDR → node → A0
• node → 10 kΩ → GND

Tips

• Keep LED and LDR facing each other at a fixed distance.
• Ambient light is a disturbance (part of the learning).